Managing 慢性阻塞性肺病 With High-Quality Care & Innovative Lung Treatments
慢性阻塞性肺病 is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States. It is a chronic health condition that can worsen over time. 然而, with early diagnosis and treatment, many people are able to manage 慢性阻塞性肺病 to maintain their quality of life. 治疗还可以降低发生与慢性阻塞性肺病相关的其他慢性健康状况的风险, 比如心脏病.
At University of Utah Health, 大发娱乐的肺病专家大发娱乐提供最先进的患者护理与最新的创新 lung disease treatment, 肺移植, and pulmonary cardiac care for patients with 慢性阻塞性肺病.
什么是慢性阻塞性肺病?
慢性阻塞性肺病（慢性阻塞性肺疾病）是一种肺部退行性疾病（一种随着时间的推移而恶化的疾病），它会导致气流阻塞，并使呼吸困难. 大多数人在长期接触有害刺激物或颗粒物后患上慢性阻塞性肺病. The most common is cigarette smoke, but it can also be caused by air pollution and workplace exposures.
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慢性阻塞性肺病的症状
It’s important to recognize the early signs of 慢性阻塞性肺病. While there is no cure for 慢性阻塞性肺病, 早期诊断和治疗可以大发娱乐你控制病情，保持更好的生活质量, 还有更长的寿命.
Symptoms of 慢性阻塞性肺病 include:
- 频繁的咳嗽;
- 喘息;
- excess production of mucus, phlegm, or sputum;
- shortness of breath; and
- trouble taking deep breaths.
Anyone can get 慢性阻塞性肺病, but it is more common in:
- current or former smokers, or
- 的人 哮喘, especially those with long-standing 哮喘.
什么导致慢性阻塞性肺病?
While tobacco smoke is the primary cause of 慢性阻塞性肺病, 从不吸烟的人如果有肺损伤的遗传易感性，也可能患上慢性阻塞性肺病. An estimated one in four people worldwide who develop 慢性阻塞性肺病 have never smoked, 根据研究.
除了吸烟外，以下因素也会增加你患糖尿病的风险：
- 肺气肿 — A condition that is part of the complex that is 慢性阻塞性肺病. 肺部的小空气通道（细支气管）因长期暴露于香烟烟雾或小空气中而被破坏, harmful particles in the air.
- 慢性支气管炎 — 这种情况是由支气管内壁的炎症引起的，支气管内壁将空气输送到肺部的小气囊，称为肺泡. Like emphysema, chronic bronchitis is part of the complex that makes up 慢性阻塞性肺病.
- 哮喘 — 这种气道中的慢性炎症性疾病会使吸烟者或前吸烟者患慢性阻塞性肺病的风险更高.
- Occupational exposure — 化学烟雾, 蒸汽, 灰尘, and other irritants where you work can put you at risk, especially if the exposure occurs over several years.
- 〇空气污染 生活在空气污染严重地区的人患慢性阻塞性肺病的风险更高.
- 〇遗传疾病 低水平的α -1抗胰蛋白酶（AAT）蛋白会让你更容易患慢性阻塞性肺病和肺损伤. An estimated one percent of people have this deficiency.
慢性阻塞性肺病预期寿命
慢性阻塞性肺病诊断后的预期寿命取决于几个因素，包括：
- 的年龄,
- severity of lung deterioration,
- 生活习惯，以及
- available treatment options.
慢性阻塞性肺病可以治愈吗？?
慢性阻塞性肺病 is a disease that can be treated but cannot be cured. 导致慢性阻塞性肺病的因素也会使你面临发展其他严重疾病的风险, 比如心脏病 and cancer. 病人 with 慢性阻塞性肺病 are at risk for severe colds, flu, and 肺炎. 重要的是要尽早得到正确的诊断，以防止严重的并发症，降低患其他疾病的风险.
大发娱乐在U of U Health的肺病专家大发娱乐许多慢性阻塞性肺病患者控制他们的症状. If your 慢性阻塞性肺病 is diagnosed early enough, 现有的治疗和疗法可以大发娱乐你活得更长，生活质量更高.
Steps to Improve Your Lung Function
Lung function naturally declines with 的年龄, even for healthy people who do not have 慢性阻塞性肺病, so it’s important to take steps to minimize your risk of lung decline.
- Quit smoking if you currently smoke.
- Reduce your exposure to irritants like air pollution as much as possible.
- Reduce or eliminate your exposure to chemicals or 蒸汽 in your workplace.
- Use proper ventilation anytime you burn fuels indoors.
- If you have 哮喘 or allergies, see your doctor regularly to manage your symptoms.
慢性阻塞性肺病的治疗
你的医生建议的具体治疗方法取决于你的疾病的严重程度. Your doctor will discuss your options, which may include one or more of the following.
药物
Several medications are available to treat 慢性阻塞性肺病.
- 支气管扩张剂。 吸入器可以放松呼吸道周围的肌肉，缓解咳嗽或呼吸急促，使呼吸更容易. These are available in short-acting or long-acting options.
- Inhaled corticosteroids — These reduce inflammation in the airways and prevent exacerbations. These medications do come with some side effects, 包括瘀伤, 声音沙哑, 以及口腔感染.
- Combination inhalers — Inhalers that have both a bronchodilator and corticosteroids, or a combination of two different types of bronchodilators.
- 〇口服类固醇 These can help with severe 慢性阻塞性肺病 symptoms. 大多数口服类固醇只在短时间内使用（大约5天），因为长期服用可能会产生副作用.
- 抗生素, These medications do not prevent or treat 慢性阻塞性肺病, but may be prescribed for 慢性阻塞性肺病 exacerbations (flare-ups)caused by respiratory infections.
肺癌的治疗方法
对于中度至重度慢性阻塞性肺病，大发娱乐的医生通常会开出以下肺部治疗方案.
- 〇氧气治疗 一个轻量级, 便携式装置，你可以在家里使用，也可以在外出时为你的肺部大发娱乐提供补充氧气. 有些人只在晚上需要吸氧，而另一些人可能一直需要吸氧.
- Pulmonary rehabilitation — 这些项目将大发娱乐你学习如何通过运动训练来降低风险和改善呼吸系统症状, 营养建议, 慢性阻塞性肺病教育.
Surgery or Lung Transplant
如果你的慢性阻塞性肺病进展较晚，而你对药物和其他治疗没有反应，你的医生可能会建议你做手术.
- Lung volume reduction surgery — 外科医生会从你的上肺中移除受损组织，为你的胸腔腾出空间，让肺部更有效地工作.
- Endoscopic lung volume reduction — 这是一种微创肺缩小疗法，可以缩小肺部受损的肺叶，为肺部更健康的部分腾出空间.
- 肺移植 — 这种移植手术将把你受损的一个或两个肺切除并用一个供体肺代替。. 这是一项具有重大风险的大手术，不建议大多数慢性阻塞性肺病患者进行. Your pulmonologist will discuss this with you if it is an option for your treatment.
Meet Our Pulmonary 病人
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For Joe Rands, breathing hasn’t always been easy. After living with pulmonary fibrosis for more than 15 years, breathing became more and more difficult in the early months of 2020. 不幸的是，对于59岁的老将、土生土长的犹他州人兰德斯来说，衰退来得又快又难.
“I thought I was out of shape, and everyone else just thought I was lazy,” said Rands. “That is, until I started getting extreme headaches, feeling lightheaded, and sluggish.”
Respiratory Issues From Unknown Cause Leads to Lung Transplant
在一个九口之家，Maylee Lemon是一个乐天派，她喜欢让每个人都笑. 2005年，在怀小女儿的时候，她第一次注意到呼吸系统出现了一些问题, but at the time she thought it was pregnancy-related.
怀孕后不久，Maylee去看肺病专家，他开始监测她的病情. Eventually she was referred to the Lung Transplant Team at University of Utah Health.
